The new bone biology

early screening of bone tissue deterioration review and update article

Abstract

Molecular research in osteoporosis physiopathology since 1991 has opened new fields of investigation. The former concept that attributed the disease and the risk of fracture to a reduction in bone mass density (BMD) has been significantly changed. Recent scientific research recommends the simultaneous evaluation of both bone proteic and mineral matrix since an early age. This new concept has been introduced in guidelines referendum of the following medical societies: National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), 1999; United States Preventive Service Task Force (US PTF), 2002; NOF, 2004; and World Menopause Congress, 2008. Among us, this new concept is being reported and published and led to the foundation of the climatericnutrition research group. The genetic basis of osteoporosis, found in 15% of the cases, is difficult to understand due to the fact that BMD represents a quantitative trait regulated by many genes which mainly act in the synthesis of the bone matrix and in bone turnover. On the other hand, the influence of environmental factors such as hormonal disfunctions, habits, physical activity, medication use, food intake, is undeniable and prevents adequate bone formation in 85% of the cases. Preventive measures, when taught since college, reduce costs from osteoporosis consequences which are a result of the actual passive approach. Bone topology analysis using six measurement instruments, including specific normative curves for bone quality and quantity, promotes multidisciplinary interaction, collaborates with regional health policies, reduces costs and contributes to effective evaluation since an early age.