ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS DIAGNOSED BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY

NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Endometrial polyps are solid or mixed, single or multiple formations found in the uterine cavity of women in reproductive age or postmenopause women. Most endometrial polyps are asymptomatic, but they can be associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Its evaluation by ultrasonography is essential, since the characteristics of the lesion can infer benignity or malignancy. Objective: Review the ultrasound findings of endometrial polyps. Material and methods: This is a narrative review with an emphasis on the collection of images. The databases were MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS and Scielo via VHL (Virtual Health Library). Studies published in the last five years were included. Results and discussion: Endometrial polyps appear as a hyperechoic lesion with regular contours, due to a focal mass or nonspecific thickening. Cystic glands may be visible within the polyp, and favor the diagnosis of benignity. These findings, however, are not specific for polyps, as leiomyomas (fibroids), particularly the submucosal forms, can have the same characteristics. Conclusion: Endometrial polyps are solid or mixed, iso or echogenic, circumscribed nodules that may show pedicle flow on Doppler, whose main differential diagnosis is submucosal myoma. However, other diagnoses can be considered depending on the appearance of the lesion, especially with regard to contours, when malignancy is suspected.