Estudo ecográfico do sistema renal fetal normal e patológico
Palavras-chave:
anomalia fetal, malformação fetal, sistema renal fetal, malformação fetal urinária, ultrassonografiaResumo
A incidencia de anormalidades congênitas ao nascimento é de 2 a 3% na população em geral e está associada a 20 a 25% da mortalidade perinatal. Devemos enfatizar que anomalias do sistema renal fetal estão descritas em aproximadamente 40% dos casos de insuficiência renal na infância. Anomalias do trato urogenital podem ser detectadas precocemente através da ultrassonografia. Desta forma, o presente estudo se propõe a fazer uma atualização sobre a ultrassonografia do sistema renal fetal normal e patológico.
Referências
Cromie WJ. Implications of antenatal ultrasound screening in the incidence of major genitourinary malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg 2001;10:204-11.
Park YW. Diagnosis of fetal anomalies by sonography. Yonsei Med J 2001; 42:660-8.
Rodriguez MM. Developmental renal pathology: its past, present, and future. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2004; 23:211-29.
Yamamoto H, Nishikawa S, Hayashi T, Sagae S, Kudo R. Antenatal diagnosis of prune belly syndrome at 11 weeks of gestation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2001;27:37-40.
Kurjak A, Kirkenen P, Latin V, Ivankovic D. Ultrasonics assessment of fetal Kidney function in normal and complicated pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 141: 266-70.
Lee W. 3D Fetal Ultrasonography. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2003; 46: 850–67.
Wiesel A, Queisser-Luft A, Clementi M, Bianca S, Stoll C. EUROSCAN Study Group. Prenatal detection of congenital renal malformations by fetal ultrasonographic examination: an analysis of 709,030 births in 12 European countries. Eur J Med Genet 2005;48:131-44.
Bronshtein M, Kushnir O, Ben-Rafael Z, Shalev E, Nebel L, Mashiach S, Shalev J. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of fetal Kidneys in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 1990; 18:299- 301.
Rosati P, Guariglia L. Transvaginal sonographic assessment of fetal urinary tract in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 7:95-100.
Barni S, Pezzati M, Danesi G, Pozzessere A, Cianciulli D. Urinary tract ultrasonography in newborns with late oligohydramnios. Minerva Pediatr 1999; 51: 109-12.
Kaffe S, Godmilow L, Walker BA, Hirschhorn K. Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 49: 478-80.
Madisson H. Ueber das Fehlen beider Nieren(Aplasia renum bilateralis). Zentralbl Allg Pathol 1934; 60: 1-8.
Wladimiroff JW. Effect of frusemide on fetal urine production. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 82:221-4.
Brumfield CG, Guinn D, Davis R, Owen J, Wenstrom K, Mize P. The significance of non-visualization of the fetal bladder during an ultrasound examination to evaluate second-trimester oligohydramnios. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 8:186-91.
Harding K, Freeman J, Weston W, Smith JR. Trisomy 22: prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 5:136-7.
Winters WD, Lebowithz RL. Importance of prenatal detection of hydronephrosis of the upper pole. Am J Roentgenol 1990; 155:125- 9.
Hobbins JC, Grannum PA, Berkowitz RL, Silverman R, Mahoney MJ. Ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 134:331-45.
Kaminopetros P, Dykes EH, Nicolaides KH. Fetal renal artery blood velocimetry in multicystic Kidney disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 1:410-12.
Rosati P, Guariglia L. Transvaginal sonographic assessment of fetal urinary tract in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 7:95-100.
Banever GT, Moriarty KP. Posterior urethral valves in a newborn with imperforate anus: clinical presentation and management. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40:1332-4.
Grignon A, Filion R, Filiatrault D, Robitaille P, Homsy Y, Boutin H, Leblond R. Urinary tract dilatation in utero: classification and clinical applications. Radiology 1986; 160: 645-47.
Finley BE, Bennett TL, Burlbaw J, Levitch L. Developmente of the Prune Belly syndrome and a thickned, poorly functional bladder wall after early second trimester decompressionm of fetal megacysstis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1993; 3:284-86.
Rubenstein SC, Benacerraf BR, Retik AB, Mandell J. Fetal suprarenal masses: sonographic appearance and differential diagnosis. Ultrassound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 5: 164-7.
